Dermatology and Cosmetic Medicine

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, primarily caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably. There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least aggressive form, often appearing as a pearly or waxy bump on sun-exposed areas like the face and neck. Squamous cell carcinoma is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and can manifest as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. Both types can cause significant local damage if left untreated but are generally less likely to spread.Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, developing in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigment. It can appear as a new mole or a change in an existing mole, often characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter larger than a pencil eraser. Early detection and treatment are crucial, as melanoma can quickly spread to other parts of the body.Risk factors for skin cancer include fair skin, a history of sunburns, excessive UV exposure, a family history of skin cancer, and having many moles or atypical moles. Prevention strategies include regular use of sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours.