Dermatology and Cosmetic Medicine

Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Disorders

Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Disorders are chronic skin conditions characterized by the presence of raised, scaly patches on the skin surface. Psoriasis is the most common papulosquamous disorder, affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population. It is caused by an overactive immune system triggering rapid skin cell turnover, leading to the formation of thick, red patches with silvery scales. These patches commonly appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.Other papulosquamous disorders include seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, and lichen planus. Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by red, itchy, and greasy scales that primarily affect oily areas of the skin such as the scalp, face, and chest. It can also manifest as dandruff or cradle cap in infants.Pityriasis rosea presents as a single, large, scaly patch (herald patch) followed by smaller patches that form a Christmas tree-like pattern on the trunk and limbs. It is believed to be triggered by viral infections and typically resolves on its own within a few weeks to months.Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair follicles. It presents as shiny, flat-topped, purplish bumps that may be itchy or painful. Lichen planus can occur on the wrists, ankles, lower back, and genitals, as well as in the mouth and nails.Diagnosis of papulosquamous disorders often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, skin biopsy, and sometimes blood tests to rule out underlying conditions. Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder and its severity. Topical treatments such as corticosteroids, coal tar preparations, and vitamin D analogs are commonly used for mild to moderate cases. For more severe or resistant cases, systemic treatments including oral medications and biologic therapies may be prescribed.Managing papulosquamous disorders requires ongoing care and monitoring to alleviate symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and minimize potential complications. Dermatologists play a crucial role in developing individualized treatment plans that address the unique needs and preferences of each patient. Research continues to advance our understanding of these complex disorders, leading to improved diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options for better outcomes.