Dermatology and Cosmetic Medicine

Hair and Nails

Hair and Nails are essential components of the human integumentary system, playing crucial roles in protection, sensation, and aesthetics. Hair is primarily composed of keratin, a robust protein that forms from hair follicles located in the skin. Hair growth and health are influenced by genetics, hormonal levels, nutritional status, and environmental factors. Common hair-related conditions include alopecia (hair loss), dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis, all of which can impact self-esteem and overall well-being.Nails, also made of keratin, grow from the nail matrix found beneath the cuticle. They serve to protect the sensitive tips of fingers and toes and enhance fine motor skills. Nail health is a significant indicator of general health, as changes in nail color, texture, or growth patterns can signify underlying medical conditions. For example, yellow nails may indicate fungal infections, while pitting can be a sign of psoriasis or other dermatological issues.Common nail conditions include onychomycosis (fungal infections), paronychia (infection of the nail fold), ingrown nails, and brittle nails. Trauma, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic diseases often manifest through changes in nail appearance and structure.In dermatology, the assessment of hair and nails involves a thorough clinical examination, sometimes supplemented by microscopic analysis, culture tests or biopsies. Treatments vary widely depending on the condition and may include topical or systemic medications, lifestyle modifications.